Ap Art History Indigenous Americas Form Function Content and Context

Course:

- Archeological and cultural site in the Andes of Republic of peru

- Architectural complex made primarily of stone

- roughly shaped stones for walls and floors

- polish stones for elements and artistic designs inside

- Lanzón and sculpture made of granite

- Jewelry made of gold alloy

- Materials such as granite and gold blend are relatively nice compared to other similar structures at the fourth dimension, demonstrates both size of the population making the pilgrimage and the importance of spirituality in the culture.

- x,330 feet above sea level

- Temples, particularly the first, have a lot of tunnels

- No windows, utilise tunnels to bring in air

Content:

- Transportation of ceramics, textiles, and other moveable products

- Consists of the old and new temple

- old temple is "U" shaped and built around 900 BCE

- new temple built effectually 500 BCE, which made it larger and added a

sunken court

- Includes a large stone carving and sculpture of the supernatural beingness for whom the temple was originally built.

- Besides included similar mysterious, supernatural, and spiritual art throughout

- The snake motif was a nose ornament found there used and worn past elites of the Chavín civilization to demonstrate status and ability.

- Includes quarried stone buildings, terraces effectually plazas, an internal gallery, and plentiful anthropomorphic artwork in an ode to the supernatural beingness

Cross-Cultural Connections:

- Nan Madol

- Conical tower and circular wall of Peachy Zimbabwe

- Forbidden Metropolis

- White House

Sources:

- Khan University Essay and Video

- https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/330

- http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Chav%C3%ADn_de_Huantar

- https://world wide web.go2peru.com/peru_guide/huaraz/chavin_huantar.htm

- https://www.ancient.eu/Chavin_Civilization/

-http://olmecsandchavin101.weebly.com/social-classes.html

* What is the leadership structure?

The leadership construction is far less stringent and one-sided than many other early on cultures and architectures we accept studied thus far. Examples are the Saudeleur dynasty that created the Nan Madol, the Shona people of the conical tower and circular wall of Corking Zimbabwe, and the Ming Chinese with the Forbidden Metropolis. This is likely due to the fact that the Chavín de Huántar was meant to be a place where people could unite from far and wide to worship. Therefore, because it was a ceremonial and gathering site used to pray for their supernatural existence, people were treated fairly equally with no clear leadership or dominance. If annihilation, it was this god that served as the people's true leader.

* What are the religious/spiritual beliefs?

In this pre-Inca culture in Peru, the people wanted a center for religion and a cultural hub. The Chavín de Huántar was the place where people went on spiritual pilgrimages to discover answers to their questions, heal themselves, or pray for a great harvest. In the Chavín there was a temple where people went to pray to Gods of agriculture and health. Throughout the use of Chavín, there were priests who e'er maintained the temple and they could only access the tunnels that depicted human being and animal-similar (anthropomorphic) gods carved from stone.

Part:

- Temple and religious center for a supernatural being that was their principal god

- An of import pilgrimage site that drew people and offerings from all over

- Designed also to unify the people of a previously distant and unconnected Pre-Inca Peruvian guild

- Held many spiritual ceremonies and rituals as well as about constant prayer and tribute to the gods, especially the supernatural anthropomorphic being depicted in several of the site's sculptures.

Context:

- The culture that built it was known as the Chavín Cult

- Was the capital and religious eye of the Chavín Cult's members and the pre-Incan civilization.

-Was constructed over many stages and years, but primary construction took place in 900 BC

- Had been continually occupied past various Incan groups and descendants up until 1940.

- Geographic location very important and purposeful, known as the Ancash region

- Immune for lots of migration and pilgrimage, particularly from the Southern Highlands

and Declension

- Set at the connection of 2 of Peru'southward largest rivers, allows for easy access

- The site is in a valley of an otherwise very mountainous Andes region

- Allows for agricultural output of potatoes and maize

- Includes artifacts and stylistic elements from all over

Themes:

- Religion

- The central hub, cultural and spiritual capital

- Nature, landscape

- Relationship between humans and the environment

- Power and authority

- Legend/mythology

Additional questions:

* What is the geography of the area, and how does information technology shape its art?

The Chavín de Huántar is situated in the Andes mountains of Peru. It is in the Ancash region and while centrally located, it is especially close to the coastal areas also as the south. This immune for many people to admission it and participate in a pilgrimage to pay respects to their spirituality, ancestors, and the supernatural being. It was very easy to reach for these people, every bit information technology lies on the convergence of two large rivers. The Chavín de Huántar is also in its specific location because information technology itself is a lowland valley in what is otherwise a very mountainous region. This allowed the people to cultivate potatoes and maize. Nosotros know that people from all over the Andes region visited the Chavín de Huántar considering of archeological findings every bit well as sculpture from these unlike areas.

* What are the social roles, including gender roles?

Non much is known about the gender roles in this club, notwithstanding, the societal roles were very much based off of religion. The high members of society were very religious and had much art related to felines or gods made in their homes to be closer spiritually. Too, Priests were very highly valued in their society with the Chavin religion, history, and civilisation lying within temples like the Chavín de Huántar, where only priests could enter. The lower societal members were mostly farmers and workers who worked on the country and buildings while the elites focused more than on fine art and nonfarming activities, such equally collecting body of water shells and trading betwixt one another. The elite and priests were thought to be directly connected to the Gods and therefore treated better. Finally, the elite were buried in very busy tombs and valued highly in guild.

* What ceremonies assist ascertain the culture?

The culture defined in the pre-Inca was based off of the iconography and art made from the temple. A lot of the Gods in the Chavín were carved out of stone and depicted equally a mix between animals and humans to give the impression that this culture used what they could with rock to depict what was important to them like all people in the tribe and the animals they used for nutrient and vesture. Another way the civilization was defined through the Chavín was through the way people fabricated hikes up the mount to this spot for religious guidance showing the dedication of this society to their many Gods. Lastly the Chavín had people share their pottery and other art forms their which atomic number 82 to a central hub where people could bring dorsum art influences to their smaller communities within the larger tribe showing that the civilisation had a deep appreciation for one another.

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Source: https://sites.google.com/site/adairarthistory/v-indigenous-americas/153-chavn-de-huntar