After Reviewing the Chart the Nurse Determines the Client Is Experiencing Which Acid/base Imbalance
51. A client develops decreased renal function and requires a alter in antibiotic dosage. On which factor should the physician base the dosage alter?
a. Therapeutic index
b. GI assimilation rate
c. Liver office studies
d. Creatinine clearance
>>See answer and rationale<<
52. A history of infection specifically caused by grouping A beta-hemolytic streptococci is associated with which of the following disorders?
a. Acute glomerulonephritis
b. Astute renal failure
c. Nephrotic syndrome
d. Chronic renal failure
>>See answer and rationale<<
53. A client admitted with a gunshot wound to the abdomen is transferred to the intensive care unit subsequently an exploratory laparotomy. I.V. fluid is being infused at 150 ml/hr. Which assessment finding suggests that the client is experiencing acute renal failure (ARF)?
a. Urine output of 250 ml/24 hours
b. Temperature of 100.two° F (37.eight° C)
c. Serum creatinine level of 1.ii mg/dl
d. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level of 22 mg/dl
>>See answer and rationale<<
54. A nurse is reviewing the laboratory examination results of a customer with renal disease. Which of the following would the nurse expect to discover?
a. Decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
b. Decreased potassium
c. Increased serum albumin
d. Increased serum creatinine
>>Meet answer and rationale<<
55. Which type of medication may exist used in the treatment of a patient with incontinence to inhibit contraction of the bladder?
a. Anticholinergic agent
b. Over-the-counter decongestant
c. Tricyclic antidepressants
d. Estrogen hormone
>>See reply and rationale<<
56. After teaching a group of students about the types of urinary incontinence and possible causes, the instructor determines that the student have understood the material when they identify which of the following equally a cause of stress incontinence?
a. Obstacle due to fecal impaction or enlarged prostate
b. Bladder irritation related to urinary tract infections
c. Increased urine product due to metabolic conditions
d. Decreased pelvic muscle tone due to multiple pregnancies
>>Meet answer and rationale<<
57. After undergoing retropubic prostatectomy, a customer returns to his room. The client is on nothing-by-mouth condition and has an I.V. infusing in his right forearm at a rate of 100 ml/hour. The client too has an indwelling urinary catheter that's draining light pinkish urine. While assessing the client, the nurse notes that his urine output is red and has dropped to fifteen ml and 10 ml for the last two sequent hours. How can the nurse best explain this drop in urine output?
a. It's an abnormal finding that requires further assessment.
b. It'southward a normal finding acquired by blood loss during surgery.
c. It's an abnormal finding that will correct itself when the client ambulates.
d. Information technology's a normal finding associated with the customer'south nothing-by-oral cavity status.
>>See answer and rationale<<
58. The nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for the creation of an ileal conduit. Which statement past the client provides evidence that client didactics was effective?
a. "My urine will be eliminated with my carrion."
b. "A catheter will drain urine direct from my kidney."
c. "I volition non need to worry about being incontinent of urine."
d. "My urine volition be eliminated through a stoma."
>>See answer and rationale<<
59. Nursing management of the client with a urinary tract infection should include:
a. Teaching the client to douche daily
b. Discouraging caffeine intake
c. Administering morphine sulfate
d. Instructing the client to limit fluid intake
>>See reply and rationale<<
lx. The most mutual presenting objective symptoms of a urinary tract infection in older adults, especially in those with dementia, include?
a. Hematuria
b. Change in cerebral operation
c. Back hurting
d. Incontinence
>>See answer and rationale<<
61. Which of the following would be included in a education programme for a patient diagnosed with a urinary tract infection?
a. Drink java or tea to increment diuresis
b. Use tub baths as opposed to showers
c. Void every 4 to 6 hours
d. Drink liberal amount of fluids
>>See reply and rationale<<
62. The following catheterization procedures are used to treat clients with urinary retention. Which procedure would the nurse place as conveying the greatest risk to the customer?
a. Clean intermittent catheterization
b. Suprapubic cystostomy tube
c. Permanent drainage with a urethral catheter
d. Credé voiding procedure
>>See answer and rationale<<
63. A customer with urinary tract infection is prescribed phenazopyridine (Pyridium). Which of the post-obit instructions would the nurse give the client?
a. "This medication will preclude re-infection."
b. "This medication should exist taken at bedtime."
c. "This medication will relieve your pain."
d. "This volition kill the organism causing the infection."
>>See answer and rationale<<
64. A nurse has been asked to speak to a local women's grouping virtually preventing cystitis. Which of the following would the nurse include in the presentation?
a. Need to urinate after engaging in sexual intercourse
b. Need to wear underwear fabricated from synthetic cloth
c. Importance of urinating every 4 to half dozen hours while awake
d. Suggestion to take tub baths instead of showers
>>See answer and rationale<<
65. Which of the following is a factor contributing to UTI in older adults?
a. Depression incidence of chronic illness
b. Sporadic utilise of antimicrobial agents
c. Immunocompromise
d. Active lifestyle
>>Meet answer and rationale<<
66. Y'all are caring for a 72-year-old customer who has been admitted to your unit for a fluid volume imbalance. You know which of the post-obit is the almost mutual fluid imbalance in older adults?
a. Hypovolemia
b. Dehydration
c. Hypervolemia
d. Fluid volume excess
>>Meet answer and rationale<<
67. A nurse reviews the arterial claret gas (ABG) values of a client admitted with pneumonia: pH, 7.51; PaCO2, 28 mm Hg; PaO2, 70 mm Hg; and HCO3–, 24 mEq/L. What practice these values betoken?
a. Metabolic alkalosis
b. Metabolic acidosis
c. Respiratory alkalosis
d. Respiratory acidosis
>>See answer and rationale<<
68. Yous are caring for a customer with severe hypokalemia. The doc has ordered IV potassium to be administered at 10 mEq/hr. The client complains of called-for along their vein. What should you do?
a. Change the electrolyte.
b. Switch to an oral formulation.
c. Increment the speed of transfusion.
d. Dilute the infusion.
>>Come across reply and rationale<<
69. The calcium level of the claret is regulated past which mechanism?
a. Androgens
b. Adrenal gland
c. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
d. Thyroid hormone (Thursday)
>>See reply and rationale<<
70. A client has the post-obit arterial blood gas (ABG) values: pH, 7.12; partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2), xl mm Hg; and bicarbonate (HCO3-), 15 mEq/L. These ABG values propose which disorder?
a. Metabolic alkalosis
b. Metabolic acidosis
c. Respiratory acidosis
d. Respiratory alkalosis
>>Come across reply and rationale<<
71. To compensate for decreased fluid volume (hypovolemia), the nurse tin can anticipate which response past the body?
a. Bradycardia
b. Tachycardia
c. Increased urine output
d. Vasodilation
>>See reply and rationale<<
72. A client comes to the emergency section with status asthmaticus. His respiratory charge per unit is 48 breaths/minute, and he is wheezing. An arterial claret gas analysis reveals a pH of 7.52, a partial force per unit area of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) of 30 mm Hg, PaO2 of 70 mm Hg, and bicarbonate (HCO3??') of 26 mEq/L. What disorder is indicated by these findings?
a. Metabolic acidosis
b. Respiratory alkalosis
c. Metabolic alkalosis
d. Respiratory acidosis
>>See answer and rationale<<
73. A client hospitalized for treatment of a pulmonary embolism develops respiratory alkalosis. Which clinical findings commonly accompany respiratory alkalosis?
a. Nausea or vomiting
b. Hallucinations or tinnitus
c. Calorie-free-headedness or paresthesia
d. Abdominal hurting or diarrhea
>>See answer and rationale<<
74. A client is taking spironolactone (Aldactone) to command her hypertension. Her serum potassium level is 6 mEq/L. For this customer, the nurse's priority should be to assess her:
a. electrocardiogram (ECG) results.
b. neuromuscular office.
c. bowel sounds.
d. respiratory rate.
>>Encounter answer and rationale<<
75. A physician orders regular insulin x units I.V. along with 50 ml of dextrose 50% for a client with acute renal failure. What electrolyte imbalance is this client most probable experiencing?
a. Hyperglycemia
b. Hypercalcemia
c. Hyperkalemia
d. Hypernatremia
>>Run across answer and rationale<<
76. A client in the emergency department reports that he has been airsickness excessively for the past 2 days. His arterial blood gas analysis shows a pH of vii.50, partial pressure level of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) of 43 mm Hg, partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) of 75 mm Hg, and bicarbonate (HCO3-) of 42 mEq/L. Based on these findings, the nurse documents that the client is experiencing which type of acid-base imbalance?
a. Respiratory acidosis
b. Respiratory alkalosis
c. Metabolic alkalosis
d. Metabolic acidosis
>>See answer and rationale<<
77. Patients diagnosed with hypervolemia should avoid sweet or dry out nutrient because:
a. It obstructs water elimination.
b. It can crusade dehydration.
c. It can atomic number 82 to weight gain.
d. Information technology increases the client's want to consume fluid.
>>See answer and rationale<<
78. A group of nursing students are studying for a test over acid-base imbalance. I educatee asks another what the major chemic regulator of plasma pH is. What should the second student reply?
a. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
b. Bicarbonate-carbonic acrid buffer system
c. Sodium-potassium pump
d. ADH-ANP buffer system
>>See answer and rationale<<
79. A client with Guillain-Barré syndrome develops respiratory acidosis as a upshot of reduced alveolar ventilation. Which combination of arterial blood gas (ABG) values confirms respiratory acidosis?
a. pH, 7.25; PaCO2 fifty mm Hg
b. pH, vii.35; PaCO2 40 mm Hg
c. pH, vii.40; PaCO2 35 mm Hg
d. pH, 7.v; PaCO2 30 mm Hg
>>Run across answer and rationale<<
fourscore. A client has a serum calcium level of seven.ii mg/dl. During the physical examination, the nurse expects to assess:
a. Trousseau's sign.
b. Hegar's sign.
c. Homans' sign.
d. Goodell's sign.
>>See answer and rationale<<
81. A nurse is caring for a client with metastatic chest cancer who is extremely lethargic and very boring to respond to stimuli. The laboratory study indicates a serum calcium level of 12.0 mg/dl, a serum potassium level of 3.nine mEq/L, a serum chloride level of 101 mEq/L, and a serum sodium level of 140 mEq/L. Based on this information, the nurse determines that the client's symptoms are nigh likely associated with which electrolyte imbalance?
a. Hypocalcemia
b. Hyperkalemia
c. Hypokalemia
d. Hypercalcemia
>>Meet answer and rationale<<
82. Which conditions lead to chronic respiratory acidosis in older adults?
a. Thoracic skeletal change
b. Overuse of sodium bicarbonate
c. Decreased renal office
d. Erratic meal patterns
>>See answer and rationale<<
83. A customer with a suspected overdose of an unknown drug is admitted to the emergency department. Arterial claret gas values bespeak respiratory acidosis. What should the nurse practice first?
a. Set for gastric lavage.
b. Monitor the client's heart rhythm.
c. Obtain a urine specimen for drug screening.
d. Prepare to assist with ventilation.
>>Encounter answer and rationale<<
84. A priority nursing intervention for a client with hypervolemia involves which of the following?
a. Monitoring respiratory status for signs and symptoms of pulmonary complications.
b. Establishing I.5. admission with a big-diameter catheter.
c. Encouraging the client to consume sodium-free fluids.
d. Drawing a blood sample for typing and cross-matching.
>>Run across answer and rationale<<
85. A 57-year-old homeless female with a history of booze abuse has been admitted to your hospital unit. She was admitted with signs and symptoms of hypovolemia – minus the weight loss. She exhibits a localized enlargement of her abdomen. What condition could she exist presenting?
a. Hypovolemia
b. Pitting edema
c. Third-spacing
d. Anasarca
>>See answer and rationale<<
86. The nurse is caring for a customer who is exhibiting symptoms of tachypnea and circumoral paresthesias. What should exist the nurse'southward first grade of action?
a. Cease mechanical ventilation.
b. Detect and correct the cause of tachypnea.
c. Administer cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
d. Give a dose of aspirin.
>>See respond and rationale<<
87. A 64-year-old client is brought in to the dispensary with thirsty, dry, sticky mucous membranes, decreased urine output, fever, a rough tongue, and lethargy. Serum sodium level is to a higher place 145 mEq/L. Should the nurse start salt tablets when caring for this customer?
a. No, start with the sodium chloride IV.
b. No, sodium intake should exist restricted.
c. Yes, this volition correct the sodium arrears.
d. Aye, forth with the hypotonic Four.
>>See answer and rationale<<
88. A client with pancreatic cancer has the following blood chemistry profile: Glucose, fasting: 204 mg/dl; claret urea nitrogen (BUN): 12 mg/dl; Creatinine: 0.9 mg/dl; Sodium: 136 mEq/Fifty; Potassium: 2.ii mEq/L; Chloride: 99 mEq/L; CO2: 33 mEq/L. Which result should the nurse place every bit critical and study immediately?
a. Potassium
b. Sodium
c. Chloride
d. CO2
>>See answer and rationale<<
89. A group of students are reviewing data about disorders of the bladder and urethra. The students demonstrate understanding of the material when they place which of the post-obit as a voiding dysfunction?
a. Urinary retention
b. Cystitis
c. Float stones
d. Urethral stricture
>>See answer and rationale<<
ninety. The nurse expects which of the following assessment findings in the client in the diuretic phase of acute renal failure?
a. Dehydration
b. Crackles
c. Hypertension
d. Hyperkalemia
>>Run into answer and rationale<<
91. A male client has doubts near performing peritoneal dialysis at home. He informs the nurse about his existing upper respiratory infection. Which of the following suggestions tin can the nurse offer to the client while performing an at-dwelling house peritoneal dialysis?
a. Perform deep-breathing exercises vigorously.
b. Avoid carrying heavy items.
c. Auscultate the lungs frequently.
d. Wear a mask when performing exchanges.
>>Meet answer and rationale<<
92. A 32-year-quondam flight attendant is undergoing diagnostics due to a significant drop in renal output. The physician has scheduled an angiography and you are in the midst of completing client education about the process. The customer asks what the angiography will reveal. What is your response, every bit her nurse?
a. Renal circulation
b. Urine production
c. Kidney function
d. Kidney structure
>>See reply and rationale<<
93. The nurse observes the colour of the client's urine which appears stake bluish-green. The nurse obtains a drug history from the client based on the understanding that drugs used by the customer may bear on which of the following?
a. Size of the urinary bladder
b. Urinary tract tests
c. Urine specific gravity
d. Amount of urine produced
>>Meet answer and rationale<<
94. A nurse, when caring for a customer, notes that the specific gravity of the client'south urine is depression. What could have lead to the depression specific gravity of urine?
a. Repeated diarrhea
b. Excess fluid intake
c. Frequent vomiting
d. Urine retention
>>Encounter answer and rationale<<
95. Following a unilateral adrenalectomy, a nurse should appraise for hyperkalemia every bit indicated by:
a. diaphoresis.
b. tremors.
c. muscle weakness.
d. constipation.
>>Encounter respond and rationale<<
96. Julia Lee, a 57-yr-old fiscal officer, has been exhibiting signs and symptoms which lead her urologist to suspect the adequacy of her urinary part. Beginning with the to the lowest degree invasive tests, which of the following would you expect the physician to prescribe to assess kidney office? Choose all right options.
a. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level
b. Creatinine clearance
c. Angiography
d. All options are right
>>Come across answer and rationale<<
97. The nurse is preparing an education program on chance factors for kidney disorders. Which of the post-obit risk factors would exist inappropriate for the nurse to include in the instruction program?
a. Pregnancy
b. Diabetes mellitus
c. Neuromuscular disorders
d. Hypotension
>>Come across answer and rationale<<
98. Which of the following terms is used to refer to inflammation of the renal pelvis?
a. Pyelonephritis
b. Interstitial nephritis
c. Urethritis
d. Cystitis
>>See reply and rationale<<
99. A client with a genitourinary problem is being examined in the emergency department. When palpating the client's kidneys, the nurse should go along in mind which anatomic fact?
a. The kidneys are situated merely above the adrenal glands.
b. The left kidney normally is slightly higher than the right one.
c. The kidneys prevarication between the 10th and 12th thoracic vertebrae.
d. The boilerplate kidney is approximately 5 cm (2?) long and 2 to iii cm (¾? to 1??) wide.
>>See answer and rationale<<
100. A patient with an obstruction of the renal artery causing renal ischemia exhibits HTN. I factor that may contribute to HTN:
a. increase renin release
b. increased ADH secretion
c. decreased aldosterone secretion
d. increased synthesis and release of prostaglandins
>>See reply and rationale<<
More NCLEX Questions:
NCLEX-RN Practice Questions (Role 1)
NCLEX-RN Do Questions (Part ii)
NCLEX-RN Practice Questions (Office iv)
Source: https://www.nursebuff.com/nclex-rn-practice-questions-3/